ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Visceral pain and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation is a common characteristic in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Previously, we reported that a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) prevents chronic stress-mediated brain function abnormalities by attenuating the HPA axis response. Here, we compared the effect between different probiotic treatments on the perception of visceral pain during colorectal distension (CRD) following a chronic stress and the consequences to the activity of the HPA axis. METHODS: After a 2-week treatment with a combined probiotic formulation, or L. helveticus or B. longum alone in stressed mice, the visceral pain in response to CRD was recorded. The expression of glucocorticoid receptors was determined in the different brain areas involved in the stress response (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex). The plasma levels of stress hormones were also measured. RESULTS: A pretreatment using the combination of probiotic formulation significantly reduces the chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity respectively at 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 mL CRD volume. However, a single probiotic (B. longum or L. helveticus) administration is less effective in reducing visceral pain in stressed mice. Moreover, the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was consistently up-regulated in several brain areas after pretreatment with a combined probiotic, which correlated with the normalization of stress response compared to the inconsistent effects of a single probiotic. CONCLUSION: The combination of L. helveticus and B. longum is more effective in regulating glucocorticoid negative feedback on the HPA axis than probiotic alone and subsequently in treating stress-induced visceral pain.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Bifidobacterium , Brain , Hippocampus , Hypersensitivity , Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Lactobacillus helveticus , Lactobacillus , Plasma , Probiotics , Receptors, Glucocorticoid , RNA, Messenger , Sulfalene , Visceral PainABSTRACT
El Lacto suero de leche de caprino (SLC) es un subproducto de bajo valor económico, concebido en Colombia como un desecho industrial con impacto ambiental negativo para los ecosistemas (DBO 60000 ppm y DQO de 80000 ppm). Este trabajo se enfocó en caracterizar el SLC, multiplicar la cepa Lactobacillus Helveticus (LH) 0-0.91-celulas libres y evaluar su pertinencia para la producción de ácido láctico a partir de SLC tratado y enriquecido con tres nutrientes; variables que se estudiaron siguiendo un diseño de cuadro greco latino. Para el efecto se llevaron a cabo 16 cinéticas en un biofermentador intermitente conteniendo 250 mililitros de LSLC en donde la mayor producción de ácido láctico-17.72 gramos por litro se logró después de las 50 horas para el medio que contiene extracto de levadura 2,5%, riboflavina 0,6% y sulfato de amonio 0,45% operando el biofermentador a 42°C. De esta forma, al producir ácido láctico se evitaría la contaminación de ecosistemas y se generaría un valor agregado a la industria quesera.
The lacto goat whey (SLC) is a low economic value sub product, considered as industrial waste in Colombia, with negative environmental impact on ecosystems- (BOD 60,000 COD ppm and 80,000 ppm). This study aimed to characterize the SLC, multiply Lactobacillus helveticus (LH) strain and assess its applicability to the production of lactic acid-AL from LSLC treated and enriched with three nutrients. Variables studied following a latin greco square design. For this purpose kinetic 16 were carried out in intermittent biofermenter containing 250 milliliters of LSLC. Increased production of lactic acid (17.72 grams per liter) was achieved after 50 hours using a media containing 2.5% yeast extract, riboflavin 0.6% and 0.45% ammonium sulfate and the biofermenter operating at 42° C.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lactobacillus helveticus , Ruminants , Lactic Acid , Breast-Milk SubstitutesABSTRACT
Mediante un diseño experimental 2k combinado con un diseño compuesto central y un análisis de superficie de respuesta se optimizo la producción de ácido láctico (AL) a partir de suero de leche de caprino (SLC) como sustrato principal y se determinó la combinación de los efectos de la concentración de tres nutrimentos: riboflavina, extracto de levadura y sulfato de amonio. Según el experimento realizado (confiabilidad; 95%) existe evidencia que tanto la temperatura y la concentración del complemento como la interacción de ambos inciden en la producción de ácido láctico (AL), que se obtiene al fermentar suero de leche de caprino. Las mayores producciones de ácido lactico-23,68 g/litro y crecimiento bacteriano se obtuvieron con mayores concentraciones de los nutrimentos a una temperatura de 42oC.
In the study the production of lactic acid from whey goats as main substrate (SLC) was optimized, following 2k experimental design combined with a central composite design and response surface analysis. It was also determined the combined effects of the concentration of three nutrient level (Riboflavin, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate): X1 and temperature (0C): X2 in lactic acid concentration. According with the results there is enough statistical evidence (95% confidence) that showed that the temperature and the concentration of complement and their interaction influence the production of lactic acid obtained by fermenting goat whey. The greatest lactic acid production (23, 68 g / liter) and bacterial growth were gotten with higher concentrations of nutrients and temperature of 42°C.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lactic Acid , Dairying , Lactobacillus helveticus , WheyABSTRACT
An unstructured model for growth and lactic acid production during two-stage continuous cultures of Lactobacillus helveticus was previously developed. The Verlhust model was considered to describe growth kinetics. Production models was based on modified Luedeking-Piret expressions involving an inhibitory effect for the first stage (seed culture) and a nutritional limitation effect for the second stage (culture). To account for the decrease of the biomass concentration observed in the second stage, the dilution rate Dc was replaced by an exponential term of the dilution rate (alpha exp (Dc/beta)) in the growth and product relations. Contrarily to the previous model, the important decrease of the biomass concentration observed at steady state in the second stage at high dilution rates, namely close to wash out, was correctly described by the new model. It also proved to satisfactory describes production data and volumetric productivity.
Subject(s)
Lactic Acid/biosynthesis , Culture Media , Lactobacillus helveticus/growth & development , Lactobacillus helveticus/metabolism , Biomass , Fermentation , Kinetics , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of the addition of probiotic bacteria to a hydrolyzed diet on the recovery of goblet cells during renutrition in an animal model of malnutrition. METHODS: Twenty-six male Wistar rats (200-250g) were included in the study. Six were kept under normal conditions (sham group) while twenty received an aproteic diet for 15 days, and were randomized thereafter to receive a hydrolyzed diet containing (n=6; probiotic group) or not (n=6; hydrolyzed group) probiotics (10(6) cfu/g of Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus); or immediately killed (n=8; aproteic group). Histological slides containing cecal and sigmoid biopsies were used to counting the number of goblet cells and the goblet cells/colonocytes ratio. RESULTS: Malnutrition diminished the population of goblet cells in all sites. Goblet cells/colonocytes ratio of the probiotic group was significantly greater than hydrolyzed group at the ceccum (0.39 ± 0.03 vs. 0.34 ± 0.02; p=0.02). Only rats fed with probiotics showed complete restoration of the normal goblet cells/colonocytes ratio at the sigmoid (0.37 ± 0,02 vs. 0.22 ± 0,03; p<0,001). CONCLUSION: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus added to a renutrition diet enhance the recovery of mucocal atrophy induced by malnutrition and especially induce a rapid restoration of goblet cells population in the malnourished colonic mucosa.
OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da adição de probióticos em uma dieta hidrolisada na recuperação de células caliciformes durante a renutriçao em um modelo animal de desnutrição. MÉTODOS: Vinte e seis ratos Wistar (200-250g) foram incluídos no estudo. Seis foram mantidos em condições normais (grupo sham) enquanto que 20 receberam uma dieta aproteica por 15 dias, e foram randomizados para receber uma dieta hidrolisada com (n=6; grupo probiótico) ou sem (n=6; grupo hidrolisado) probióticos (10(6) cfu/g of Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus helveticus); ou foram sacrificados imediatamente (n=8; grupo aproteico). Cortes histológicos contendo biopsias do ceco e sigmoide foram examinados e o número de células caliciformas e a razão caliciformes/colonócitos foram contados. RESULTADOS: A desnutrição diminuiu o número de células caliciformes em todo o cólon. A razão células caliciformes/colonócitos do grupo probiótico foi significantemente maior que o do grupo hidrolizado no ceco (0.39 ± 0.03 vs. 0.34 ± 0.02; p=0.02). Somente os ratos alimentados com probióticos mostrou restauração completa da relação células caliciformes/colonócitos no sigmóide (0.37 ± 0,02 vs. 0.22 ± 0,03; p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus helveticus adicionados a uma dieta de renutrição melhora a recuperação da atrofia mucosa induzida pela desnutrição e especialmente induzem a uma rápida restauração da população de células caliciformes na mucosa colônica desnutrida.